Category: “Greenhouse Effect”
Pattern – “Greenhouse Effect”
Download this pattern as a pdf
See also the patterns for the atoms and bonds between atoms.
Colours
Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen Fluorine Chlorine Sulphur |
White Black Red Sky blue Light green Medium green Deep yellow |
Particles
Carbon dioxide
|
Atoms 1 carbon |
Bonds 4 carbon-oxygen |
Nitrous oxide
|
Atoms 2 nitrogen |
Bonds 2 nitrogen Alternative version |
Methane
|
Atoms 1 carbon |
Bonds 4 carbon-hydrogen |
Tetrafluoromethane (PFC-14)
|
Atoms 1 carbon |
Bonds 4 carbon-fluorine |
Fluoroform (HFC-23)
|
Atoms 1 carbon |
Bonds 1 carbon-hydrogen |
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
|
Atoms 1 carbon |
Bonds 3 carbon-chlorine |
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)
|
Atoms 2 carbon |
Bonds 1 carbon |
Sulphur hexafluoride
|
Atoms 1 sulphur |
Bonds 6 sulphur-fluorine |
Particulart goes to Oxfordshire part 2
A month ago, Particulart was in Wallingford, featuring in Oxfordshire Artweeks.
This weekend, there are going to be not one… not two… but yes OK two Particulart events in Oxford as part of Low Carbon Oxford Week, and they’re both brand new exhibitions and both FREE!!
“Greenhouse Effect”…
…is happening from 11:00 am – 4:00 pm on Saturday 18th June in Bury Knowle Park, Headington. As the poster says…
Human activity, and resulting emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are increasingly changing the Earth’s climate and our weather.
Come to Bury Knowle Park for a family trip out, and happen across a whole new way of seeing climate change! Explore the greenhouse and knit your own carbon dioxide molecule.
18th June is also World-Wide Knit in Public Day. Bring your knitting and other yarn-based activities, have a picnic, and join in.
Anyone who wants to volunteer a bit of time would be more than welcome. Waitrose next door are kindly providing volunteer refreshments. Please get in touch.
“Exhausted”…
…is from 11:00 am – 4:00 pm on Sunday 19th June at Magdalen College School. And the blurb…
The scandal over Volkswagen’s cheating over exhaust emissions testing has disappeared from the news, but the scandal over exhaust fumes and poor air quality in our cities remains.
Air pollution as you’ve never seen it before! Children of all ages can make their own exhaust fumes!
“Exhausted” is also featuring alongside Test Drive the Future in association with Oxford Festival of the Arts, with the support of BMW North Oxford.
Sulphur hexafluoride
Molar mass | 146.06 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | 3,200 years |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 26,087 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | 6 Gg |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 8 ppt |
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)
Molar mass | 102.03 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | 13.4 years |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 1,550 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | 163 Gg |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 74 ppt |
Fluoroform (HFC-23)
Molar mass | 70.01 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | 222 years |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 13,856 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | 18 Gg |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 26 ppt |
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
Molar mass | 137.37 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | 45 years |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 5,350 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | No data |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 233 ppt |
Tetrafluoromethane (PFC-14)
Molar mass | 88.0043 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | 50,000 years |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 7,350 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | 11 Gg |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 81 ppt |
Methane
Molar mass | 16.04 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | 12.4 years |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 34 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | 364,000 Gg |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 1,814,345 ppt |
Carbon dioxide
Molar mass | 44.01 g/mol |
Lifetime in atmosphere | No single lifetime can be given |
Global Warming Potential over 100 years | 1 |
Estimated emissions in 2008 | 51,762,916 Gg |
Atmospheric concentration in September 2013 | 393,510,000 ppt |
Nearly all of the carbon content in incinerated waste is emitted to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Municipal solid waste contains approximately the same mass fraction of carbon as does carbon dioxide itself (27%), so incineration of 1 tonne of waste is estimated to produce approximately 1 tonne of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide emitted by human activity is of course the main cause of global warming leading to climate change. Under the Climate Change Act 2008, the UK is committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by at least 80% by 2050. In 1990, emissions from energy consumption were 10.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide per capita, so the target is slightly over 2 tonnes per capita.
In 2011, UK emissions from energy consumption were 8 tonnes per capita, the reduction from 1990 largely due to the replacement of coal by gas in electricity generation. The Exeter Incinerator is designed to accept up to 60,000 tonnes per year of waste, from Exeter and the immediate surrounding area in Devon. With a population of about 120,000, that means 0.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide added to every person’s carbon budget. But suppose the Incinerator replaced some carbon emissions from other energy plant……
Incinerators have electricity generation efficiencies of 14-28%. The waste heat can be used in a district heating network, giving efficiencies higher than 80%. The Exeter Incinerator will initially provide electricity to the national grid, and has the potential to export heat but only if a district heating network is established on the Marsh Barton estate.
So the Incinerator will produce electricity at a substantially lower efficiency than the rest of the national grid, and displace lower carbon alternatives.